The first human study using gene transfer to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) shows promising results and suggests the potential for using the technology to treat overactive bladder, irritable bowel syndrome and asthma, according to the researchers.

“In the small pilot study, this new therapy was well tolerated and safe,” said George Christ, Ph.D., senior researcher and a professor at the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. “It provides evidence that gene transfer is a viable approach to treating ED and other diseases involving smooth muscle cells.“

The results of the study, which included 11 men with ED, are reported in Human Gene Therapy. The technology was developed by Christ and Arnold Melman, M.D., when they worked together at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York.

Unlike traditional gene therapy, the gene transfer approach being pioneered by Christ and Melman does not change the DNA or genetic code of cells. Instead, small pieces of DNA reach the nuclei of cells and this causes them to increase production of particular proteins. These proteins help relax smooth muscle cells, the type of muscle found in the penis as well as in hollow organs such as the bladder. Relaxing the tissue allows the penis to fill with blood and become erect.

Previous research has shown that more than 50 percent of men between 40 and 70 years old and 70 percent over age 70 may have ED. The new therapy is a potential alternative to oral medications, such as generic viagra, which are not effective for an estimated 30 to 40 percent of men with ED.

A possible advantage of gene transfer is that a single treatment could last for months. In the current study, improvements were maintained through the 24 weeks of study.

The study was conducted from May 2004 to May 2006 at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and New York University School of Medicine. Men ranged from 42 to 80 years old with a mean age of 59. Six subjects were white, four were black and one was Hispanic. In half of the subjects, the cause of ED was diabetes or cardiovascular disease – both of which can interfere with the ability of smooth muscle cells to relax.

The primary goal of the study was to determine the safety and tolerability of the new therapy. However, the results also showed that at the highest doses, men reported highly significant improvements in erectile function.

The DNA segments – mixed into plasma – were injected into the corpus cavernosum, expandable tissue along the length of the penis that fills with blood during erection. A variety of clinical and laboratory tests were used to assess safety. In addition, effectiveness was measured using the International Index of Erectile Function scale, a questionnaire that is commonly used to measure ED. Patient responses were validated by their partners.

Researchers identified no safety issues with the treatment. Participants who received the highest two doses had apparent sustained improvements in ED as measured by the questionnaire. The researchers said that a larger study that includes a “control” group treated with a placebo is needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

Other researchers on the project were Melman, Natan Bar-Chama, M.D., with Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Andrew McCullough, M.D., with New York University School of Medicine, and Kelvin Davies, Ph.D., with Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

The technology is being developed by Ion Channel Innovations (ICI), a development stage biotechnology company, in which Christ and Melman are co-founders and directing members. The therapy is known as ion channel therapy because the proteins it targets are potassium channels, “gates” within cells critical for contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle.

At the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Christ is continuing to pursue the therapy in collaboration with ICI, and is also exploring the potential of combining gene transfer with traditional oral medications to further increase the clinical utility of the technology. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University owns the ICT patents and has granted the company exclusive, worldwide rights.

The kids. The job. The house. The cell phone, blackberry and email. With all the responsibilities many women juggle, there is often no time for romance, and in many cases, even less desire. Well over a third (40 – 45%) of adult women experience at least one symptom of sexual dysfunction, and few feel they can talk about it.

UCSD researchers are working to change the condition and this way of thinking. “Women who have sexual dysfunction should realize this may be a treatable condition, not just a personal problem,” says Thuy-Tien L. Dam, M.D. of the UCSD Department of Family and Preventive Medicine. “Many women don’t know that other women experience this too, and that it might be a diagnosable disorder called Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder or HSDD.”

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Dam, clinical director at UCSD Prevention Studies, is conducting a clinical trial to see whether an investigational drug is safe and effective for women with low sexual desire. HSDD is the most common form of female sexual dysfunction, characterized by decreased sexual thoughts and feelings as well as a loss of desire for sex. About 17% to 55% of women have low levels of sexual interest, depending on age. Canadian female viagra is scientifically formulated to treat female sexual dysfunction.

“Candidates for the study are women who have desire problems; women who once had a healthy sex-drive who now notice a big difference in desire level, for some unknown reason,” says Dam. “If we can understand the physiologic process of what’s happening, we can tailor the treatment specifically for that.”

Studies have shown that erectile dysfunction in men is sometimes caused by a physiologic problem, such as reduced blood flow. There is a school of thought that perhaps physiologic changes in the female brain may be associated with female sexual dysfunction.

While male erectile dysfunction is widely known, publicly discussed and treated, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any investigational drugs for treating similar disorders in women. This study is an important step in the therapeutic options to help women regain a satisfactory sex life, and to be able to talk about it, said Dam.

Women who may qualify for this study:

• are premenopausal, 18 years of age and older;
• are using a medically approved form of birth control or are surgically sterile;
• are not nursing or pregnant;
• have experienced a loss of sexual desire for at least 6 months;
• have been in a stable, heterosexual, monogamous relationship for at least 1 year;
• are not taking an antidepressant.

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Approximately 30 women will be enrolled at UCSD Prevention Studies. A total of 1,400 women are expected to enroll at 75 sites in the Unites States and Canada.

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Maternal corticosteroid treatment with betamethasone and dexamethasone has been shown in several controlled trials to decrease the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy decreased the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and mortality in infants born prematurely. Antenatal therapy with corticosteroids should be considered for all fetuses at risk for preterm delivery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age, regardless of race, gender, or availability of surfactant therapy. Antenatal corticosteroids should be considered in the presence of preterm PROM in pregnancies less than 30-32 weeks of gestation unless there is evidence of clinical chorioamnionitis.
There has been hesitation to use corticosteroids in some patients because of the impression that delivery will occur before a full course of therapy (ie, less than 24 hours). However, treatment with corticosteroids for less than 24 hours still appears to be associated with a significant reduction in neonatal mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and intraventricular hemorrhage. The most commonly used regimens of antenatal corticosteroids would appear to be either two doses of 12 mg of betamethasone given intramuscularly 24 hours apart or four doses of 6 mg of dexamethasone intramuscularly 12 hours apart.
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Retrospective studies show that the singleton breech of less than 32-34 weeks of gestation or weighing less than 1,500 g has less morbidity and mortality if delivered by the cesarean method, particularly if the breech presents as a footling. There are no convincing data to indicate that cesarean delivery is indicated for cephalic presentations if labor is progressing in a normal fashion. Factors associated with intraventricular hemorrhage are the prematurity of the fetus, shock, and respiratory distress syndrome, but not the mode of delivery for cephalic presentations.

One major cause of misunderstanding between men and women is the awkward fact that sexual intercourse, which we imagine will bring us closer together, is poorly designed to give pleasure to both parties. Jeremy Laurance goes back to physiological basics…

If we were designing men and women to deliver maximum sexual satisfaction to one another, we would not start from here. The reason, as Shere Hite noted, has to do with the position of a tiny, but neglected organ – the clitoris.

Conventional sexual intercourse, in which the penis is inserted into the vagina, may be an efficient method of reproduction but is doomed to failure when it comes to maximising sexual pleasure – at least for the woman.

The author of the Hite report, one of the most detailed surveys of sexual behaviour ever carried out, says doctors, therapists and the public share a collective blindness about this simple anatomical fact which determines the way in which most women achieve orgasm.

The key, according to Ms Hite, is that women have orgasms more easily when masturbating than when having intercourse. This is because the clitoris, the stimulation of which leads to orgasm, is situated above the entrance to the vagina, where it is mostly inaccessible to the thrusting movement of the penis.

“The overwhelming majority of women, according to my research, can have orgasms easily during masturbation. So why not also during coitus? The answer is that during masturbation women choose to stimulate the clitoral area. Only rarely, in 2 per cent of cases, does it involve vaginal penetration,” she said.

This difference between men and women is fundamental but not widely recognised. For men the stimulation they give themselves when masturbating is similar to that which they receive when having intercourse. For women it is completely different. So it is not at all surprising that the rate of orgasm for women during intercourse is low.

That old cliché about men being from Mars and women from Venus applies not only to their psychology but to their anatomy, too.

Despite the importance of clitoral stimulation to women, the definition of sex is focused on intercourse. This is fine for men, but not at all fine for women, and may account for the high proportion of women that research suggests suffer from “erectile dysfunction“.

Ms Hite says it is this limited definition of sex, not women’s bodies, that is at fault. Sex should be composed not only of intercourse but also of clitoral stimulation, by hand or mouth. But the sad reality is that although women know how to have orgasms, they rarely feel free to express this during sex with men. Their inhibition not only denies them pleasure but has also put researchers trying to treat female sexual dysfunction on the wrong track.

The fundamental error was committed by Freud who said that the source of sexual excitement transferred from the clitoris to the vagina at puberty. This view was later entrenched by psychiatrists who defined a lack of orgasm during intercourse in women as a disorder. Now drug companies are trying to solve the problem by looking for a female equivalent of Viagra. But by focussing on women’s readiness to participate in intercourse rather than helping them to experience pleasure, they risk making matters worse.

Ms Hite said: “The pharmaceutical industry has misunderstood the basics of female sexuality. Putting money into supposed treatments that don’t work could mean financing unhappiness and divorce, leaving women’s feelings invisible or unexplained, and placing men on insecure ground.”

“It risks fostering an atmosphere of fear and confusion in which love, including intense sexual intimacy and experimentation, needlessly becomes an area of conflict rather than pleasure.“

“It is not arousal pills we need, but a whole new set of physical relations with each other,” she says.

Critics have challenged her analysis on the grounds that it neglects another part of the female anatomy – the G-spot. The G-spot is said to lie a third to halfway inside the vagina, on the upper (front) wall and is claimed to enable some women to experience a vaginal orgasm, in addition to the conventional clitoral one.

Unlike the clitoris, however, the existence of the G-spot has been contested ever since it was first suggested by German gynaecologist Ernst Grafenberg in 1944 (after whose surname it became known in the 1980s). Earlier this year, Italian researcher Professor Emmanuele Jannini claimed to have located it using ultrasound. That was the good news. The bad news was that, according to Professor Jannini, not all women had one.

His study, involving 20 women, suggested those who claimed to experience vaginal orgasms had an area of thicker tissue on the front wall of their vagina, which he identified as the G-spot, while those who had not climaxed in this way had not.

Others disputed the findings, reported in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, suggesting the thicker tissue was actually part of the clitoris which, in some women, extends far beyond its visible tip. MRI scans have shown that the clitoris is in the form of an inverted V, extending from the tip, back and along the vagina, raising the possibility that, in some women at least, it may be stimulated internally as well as externally.

Sexual failure, as all couples know, is not confined to women. If for females it is the location of the clitoris that causes problems, in males it is the performance of the penis. Almost all men experience impotence on some occasions or at some time in their lives.

Masters and Johnson, the American gynaecologist and psychologist who revolutionised sex research 40 years ago with their detailed laboratory studies of the physiology of sexual arousal, described how the human sexual response fell into four distinct phases, for both men and women – excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution.

The excitement stage is marked by increased blood flow to the genitals causing them to swell. In men, the tissues of the penis become engorged with blood, so that it stands erect, while in women the tissues surrounding the vagina swell and fluid seeps through the vaginal walls, increasing lubrication. The glans of the clitoris enlarges and hardens in a process similar to male erection.

While successful penetration and intercourse depends on the arousal of both sexes, it is the male erection – or its absence – that is the most frequent cause of problems. A common difficulty is that men can get an erection but cannot hold it long enough to have sex. In 75 per cent of men with impotence who have normal neurological and hormonal function, blood flows into the penis normally but flows out too rapidly.

Treatments for impotence have been painful, cumbersome and of limited effectiveness in the past – until the arrival of Viagra in 1997. An effective therapy in an oral tablet, it transformed the approach to male impotence. The Government was so worried by the potential demand that it immediately restricted its availability on the NHS to men with diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other chronic conditions. Even so, it rapidly became a global best seller.

Female Viagra works by increasing the blood flow to the penis, boosting performance when sexual arousal occurs. Male journalists lucky enough to be asked to test the drug in its early days wrote almost universally enthusiastic reports, proving that it is a rare erection that cannot be improved, even in relatively young men.

A recent study suggested that canadian Female Viagra has transformed the sex lives of the over-70s who have found themselves able to continue having intimate relations for years, or even decades, longer than in the past. But while men are performing better they are enjoying themselves less. It is women who are reaping the benefits, reporting increased satisfaction with their sex lives, while in men satisfaction has declined. The study was conducted in Sweden and published in the British Medical Journal in July.

Female Viagra’s success prompted drug companies to search for its male equivalent. Could a similar drug do the same for men? Millions have been invested, but women are proving more complicated than men.

Female sexual dysfunction is a more diverse condition than male impotence. Researchers have pointed out that it has four distinct categories: lack of desire, lack of arousal, pain on intercourse and lack of orgasm and that only one of these – lack of arousal – corresponds to impotence in men. Trials have shown that Female Viagra can help some women with lack of arousal by increasing blood flow to the genitals. But it cannot help the other three components of female sexual dysfunction.

A female testosterone patch, called Intrinsa, launched in the UK in 2007, is claimed to restore the sex drive of women with low libido. It has been shown to boost sexual desire in post-menopausal women, but it is currently only licensed for those with premature menopause caused by surgical removal of the ovaries, of whom there are one million in the UK.

Although testosterone is a male hormone, it is also produced in women at a lower level and plays a crucial role in sexual desire. Levels of testosterone fall after the menopause as do levels of oestrogen.

There has been a fierce debate in recent years about the extent of female sexual dysfunction with one widely quoted study suggesting as many as 43 per cent of women may be affected. Drug companies have been accused of stoking the issue to create new markets.

But some experts say the problem is under-recognised and under-treated. They describe clinics packed with post-menopausal women worried about loss of libido. “My patients complain bitterly of the loss of sex drive and satisfaction, and of difficulty in achieving orgasm. The drug companies have not invented it, we need to have a treatment that is safe, reliable and cheap,” said one gynaecologist.

Critics say there is a danger of seeing problems where they don’t exist. Lack of desire may be widespread, but it is not perceived as a problem by many women – and men – who may feel relief as advancing years bring freedom from the need, or the demand, to have sex.

This was borne out by a survey of 1,000 women and 450 men in north London, published in the British Medical Journal in 2003, which revealed that 40 per cent of the women and 22 per cent of men reported at least one sexual problem. But those who mentioned “lack of sexual desire” were much less likely to have visited their doctor for treatment than those with other problems. The implication, the researchers from the Royal free Hospital said, was that lack of desire was not necessarily an “obstacle to satisfactory sexual relations“.

“For many people reduced sexual interest may be a normal adaptation to stress or an unsatisfactory relationship,” they added.

As they age, men and women may hope to achieve some kind of sexual accommodation with one another. Along the way there is certain to be tension, reflecting in part their differing physiology and needs. Men are still expected to make sex happen, and women to respond. That causes some to question the whole notion of female sexual dysfunction. The clinical psychologist, Dorothy Rowe, expresses the cynical view. It is, she says, “something men dream up when women won’t do what they want“.

When Generic Viagra was first synthesized it was for treating heart problems. But some where some researcher found another use and now Generic Viagra is synonymous with treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) or impotence.

Pfizer made a fortune selling the drug in the market. The name Generic Viagra brings clear images of sexual fulfillment and indeed it just does that.

Sold as blue diamond shaped pills, in doses of 25mg, 50mg and 100mg, Generic Viagra created a storm and continues to do so. Its success was evident from its clinical trial days and its field story is not any different.

Doctors world wide have been prescribing Generic Viagra to men suffering from ED. While most of the cases have been genuine users, a minority has used Generic Viagra to enhance sexual pleasure and performance. Some claim it gave them the staying power during sexual intercourse and drove their partners to sheer ecstasy.

Generic Viagra contains Sildenafil citrate which relaxes the penile region and eases pressure off the penile arteries. During sexual stimulation there is a rush of blood into these arteries which causes the penis to become erect. Generic Viagra induced erections are considered to be quality erections with hardness, girth and longer lasting.

If you intend to use Generic Viagra for treatment of ED, do so under medical supervision. Depending upon your medical history and physical condition, your doctor will prescribe the appropriate dose and treatment duration.

Generic Viagra is an adult medicine and must be kept out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature.

As a canadian Generic Viagra user it is your responsibility not to indulge in over dosing or off-label use. Never offer your dose to others who may have similar needs.

Generic Viagra is taken orally once daily. Its effect begins to show in abut 30 minutes and lasts up to 24-30 hours. By itself Generic Viagra should not cause an erection. External sexual stimulation is necessary to obtain and erection. This need must be understood by your partner.

There are some known side effects that may show up when you begin to take Generic Viagra. These are generally mild but if any particular symptom bothers you, seek immediate treatment.

Generic Viagra promises to return the sexual element in your life that you had been missing for some time. You must understand the drug and mentally prepare your self to deal with ED. As you overcome the psychological aspect the physical side is automatically taken care off.

Your prescription needs can be easily met by online Generic Viagra pharmacy. These virtual drugstores are a good place to buy genuine and cheap medicines. Small or bulk, all types of purchases get discounts and additional services like consultation, prescription and home delivery, all at no extra cost.

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Protected sex prevents spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

There are many men who face the erectile dysfunction problem during their lives at the age of 45’s, 50,60’s and older. According to research, it is found that men who have diabetes, impotence can reach earlier than normal duration. It is estimated that men with diabetes are more than 40 percent. The figure could be more. A diabetic is 2-5 times more likely to develop impotence than a man who does not have diabetes.

Impotence in diabetics is almost always organic in origin.
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Impotence has many reasons and it can be caused by physical as well as psychological reasons. Such as;
Problems in relationships.
Poor health.
Prinking too much alcohol.
Some medications.
Some operations.
Low levels of the male hormone testosterone.

There could also be another reason such as nerve disease, sometimes nerve disease related to diabetes causes impotence. When nerves are damaged, as can happen with the condition, the flow of blood to the penis may be lessened and so an erection can’t occur. Blood vessel damage can also cause impotence.

It may be that medications taken for diabetes, high blood pressure or for other conditions can be the cause. Drinking too much and smoking can also cause the problem.

Impotence is extremely common among diabetics.
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Diabetes causes nerve damage and there is possibility of blindness, deafness, burning foot syndrome, loss of feeling, loss of muscle control, pain and tingling and impotence. The penis is the only gland in the body that has its blood supply shut off all the time. Muscles surrounding the penile artery constrict the artery to prevent blood from flowing to the penis. When a man is excited, his brain sends messages along nerves that cause the nerves to secrete a chemical called nitric oxide theat relaxes the muscles around the arteries to open blood flow to the penis and the balloons in the penis fill with blood and the man has an erection.

There are many treatment options for Erectile Dysfunction in men with diabetes. Viagra is one of the most convenient options, although it seems to many doctors to be less effective in men with diabetes.

If you have diabetic impotence, the best advice is to see an urologist who is experienced in treating impotence in men with diabetes. These physicians understand the relationship between diabetes and impotence and have up-to-date knowledge and experience in the latest treatments. Cheap Female Pink Viagra

Impotence is another word of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction occurs when male experiences problems getting or maintaining a strong enough erection for full sexual activity. You would be surprised that this problem exist and affect at least one in ten men, so occurs quite often.
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Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation’s researchers studied men with damaged blood vessels in the penis and they strongly believe that male who suffer from damaged blood vessels in the penis are at greater risk of having similar damage elsewhere in the body, including the heart, brain, legs and kidneys. Their research found that the process which lead to heart attacks and strokes could be seen as ED before it appears in other arteries. Blood vessels that supply the penis are narrower than those in other parts of the body and it also noted that not every case of impotence was linked to heart disease.

Many men with heart disease stabilize the condition with nitrates. Use of nitrates is not recommended for men who also use Viagra. Alway consult a doctor to decide if Viagra is right for you.

Scholars says about erectile dysfunction that in different words such as; “We think that erectile dysfunction represents the tip of the iceberg of a systemic disorder,” said Emilio Chiurlia, of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy, where the study was conducted.

“Impotent patients should be considered at high risk for coronary artery disease and should have high priority for aggressive treatment.”
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He said that where cases of impotence did not have a psychological trigger, doctors should assume the patient was suffering from clogged arteries.

Heart disease is also preventable; quit smoking, start exercising, eat a balanced diet while limiting high fat foods and follow your doctors treatment plan if you have diabetes or high blood pressure.

The good news is that erectile dysfunction can be treated. Viagra® and other drugs, penile implants, vacuum erection devices, injection therapy, and urethral suppositories are options.

Viagra increases blood flow to the penis. Many men find it effective. However, Viagra fails for 30%-40% of the men who try it.

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Garlic is completely herbal and most remarkable home remedies which is very beneficial in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and impotence.
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Garlic is also known as an aphrodisiac because garlic improve the blood circulation significantly from the medical point of view. Medical researches proved that garlic in certain forms can stimulate the production of NOS particularly in individuals who have low levels of this enzyme. An enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is primarily responsible for the mechanism of erection.

Folklore dating back centuries has hailed garlic as an aphrodisiac and now studies have alsoproven this legend to be true. We are aware that garlic aids in blood circulation and keeps veins and arteries youthful, but that is only one way it helps with impotence.

Garlic contains hundreds of minerals and nutrients. It is very likely that no one ingredient is the “active ingredient”. To obtain an erection an enzyme is required called nitric oxide synthase, and compounds in garlic stimulate the production of this enzyme in people who suffer from low levels of it.

It is a herbal, natural and harmless aphrodisiac. According to an eminent sexologist of the United States, garlic has a pronounced aphrodisiac effect. It is a herbal medicine or tonic for loss of sexual power due to any cause, and for sexual debility and impotency resulting from sexual overindulgence and nervous exhaustion. Researchers recommend that two to three cloves of raw garlic should be chewed daily.
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Garlic also helps with digestion as it is gastric stimulant. It acts in many areas such as;

It improves functional activity of heavy smokers.
Half a raw garlic clove a day can increase body activity to dissolve blood clots, thereby preventing heart attacks and strokes.
A couple of raw garlic cloves daily can bring blood cholesterol levels down in heart patients.

It is very likely that garlic’s effectiveness and safety comes from these ingredients working together in concert. And if any particular ingredient should be found more potent than the others, and that ingredient were isolated and made into a medicine, it will probably have powerful negative side effects like virtually every other drug in use today.

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NSU

The most common sexually transmitted disease is nonspecific urethritis or NSU which continues to increase at an remarkable rate. Many cases of NSU are caused by the Chlamydia germ but not all. NSU is an inflammation of the urethra and has no identifiable cause.

The primary symptom is a discharge from the penis. This may be nothing more than moistness at the tip of the penis but this can vary. The discharge is different to the discharge in gonorrhea and makes it easier to recognize. There is also pain on urinating.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes, another sexually transmitted disease, has reached epidemic proportions in the Western world. This is because the herpes virus cannot be cured and so, once infected, the person carries the germ permanently. Thus, any person infected adds to the population of carriers.

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There are two herpes viruses. The first one, HSV 1, is normally found around the mouth and is known as cold sores. The second one, HSV 2 , is an infection passed by sexual contact and is normally found in the genital area and the anus, as well as on the bladder, the buttocks, the thighs and the legs of both male and female sufferers.

After the first attack the virus lies dormant in the body. It will then recur time and time again, usually in the same place, appearing as a painful blister. When any of these blisters are open, the carrier is extremely infectious. Usually, the attacks are linked to emotional or physical lows such as depression, stress, or injury.

Genital herpes causes pain and distress to an adult but is not fatal. However, if the herpes virus is passed to an infant during its journey down the birth canal of an infected mother, it is often fatal. It is important for the mother to inform the medical professionals so that they can monitor her pregnancy and possibly advise her to have the baby by cesarean section.

Genital herpes cannot be cured but there are ways of making the attacks more bearable. By keeping the affected area clean and dry, the carrier can ward off secondary infections. Pain can be kept to a minimum by the application of cold compresses and also by taking salt baths.

Female sufferers need to have a pap smear annually as genital herpes has been linked to cervical cancer.

In women, vaginal discharge may constitute reasons for concern. However, if the discharge is clear, it is unlikely to be the result of disease. If the discharge is offensive and discolored and causes irritation to the vagina and vulva, it would suggest the presence of infection which may need to be investigated. It is essential that this is not allowed to continue and medical advice should be sought as soon as possible, especially if this is accompanied by abdominal pain and fever as it may be an indication of a sexually transmitted disease.

Prevention

Obviously, the best way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases is by abstinence or monogamy. However, if considering sex with a new partner, it would be wise to use a condom until you are sure about the person. If you are worried, cleaning the genital area thoroughly with soap and water after intercourse will kill many of the bacteria. This is true for both males and females.

It is extremely dangerous to apply antiseptic lotions to the genital area and particularly to pour strong antiseptic into the urethra or vagina as it can cause serious and permanent internal damage.

If you believe there is any possibility that you may have an STD, do not hesitate to seek medical attention. Everything that happens is confidential and no information is given to anyone without your permission.

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Remember that the staff are there to help you, not to judge you, and the atmosphere is usually very friendly and helpful.

In this modern era, sexual freedom is taken for granted and little is thought of promiscuity as it was in past generations. However, the reality is that this sexual freedom also carries with it the very real threat of sexually transmitted disease. Because not all sexually transmitted diseases are curable, it is essential to take steps to avoid them.

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A sexually transmitted disease or STD is actually a combination of several different conditions that are all acquired through sexual intercourse. AIDS, a disease caused by the HIV virus, is the most serious of the sexually transmitted diseases and, despite some progress in recent years, is still incurable and is usually fatal.

Some of the other problematic STDs include syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and non specific urethritis. There are also a few other diseases such as pubic lice, genital warts, trichomoniasis, and monilia that are classed as STDs but are of a less serious nature.

The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases has increased over time and today there are more recorded cases than at any time in the past three decades. This is because people, especially young people, feel that the use of contraception allows more sexual freedom and has led to a change in the views of sexual behaviour. It is also a fact that this sexual freedom has led to people becoming sexually active at an increasingly younger age. However, not all contraception can stop the spread of infections caught during sexual intercourse.

Syphilis One of the most serious STDs is syphilis which is highly infectious and, if it remains untreated, can result in death. Even if it is not fatal, the probability of disability is high.

Not only can the syphilis bacteria be contracted during sexual intercourse, but it can also be passed to the unborn child of an infected mother. The baby is then born with a condition known as congenital syphilis. This is quite uncommon in this era as all pregnant women undergo routine blood testing.

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The incubation period for syphilis varies. The first symptoms can also vary, thus making early diagnosis difficult. Usually, the first symptom is a painless ulcer around the genital area, the anus, or the mouth. Because this ulcer heals without any medical intervention, the person doesn’t normally do anything about it, thinking that it is nothing important.

If this disease is not treated early, it is likely to result in death. It is therefore essential that, if a person believes he or she may have been in contact with an infected person, that medical advice is obtained immediately.

Gonorrhea Another serious and very common disease contracted by sexual intercourse is gonorrhea. Often, the female is unaware that she is infected because around eighty percent have no symptoms. Other women suffer from dysuria (pain while urinating) or from lower abdominal pain. This is because it involves the fallopian tubes and can therefore lead to sterility.

The disease is more obvious for the male, resulting in dysuria followed by a discharge from the penis. This occurs within a week of contracting the infection. Gonorrhea in the male is usually confirmed by laboratory testing of the discharge.

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A dose of penicillin is the normal treatment for gonorrhea in both male and female sufferers. It is also vital that the person abstain from alcohol and from sexual intercourse for a period of several weeks. Although the treatment relieves the symptoms quickly, it is essential that the person continues to have medical maintenance to ensure that the cure is complete. A responsible person should inform any sexual partners of their infection so that they may be examined and treated if necessary.